The knee functions as a hinge joint, comprising the tibia (shinbone), femur (thighbone), and patella (kneecap). These bones in the knee joint feature a protective cartilage covering, which is a resilient tissue facilitating smooth and painless joint movement.

Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent type of arthritis, results from the gradual deterioration of joint cartilage due to long-term joint wear and tear. As the cartilage diminishes, the bones come into direct contact, leading to the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and discomfort commonly associated with arthritis.

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